Online Auction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Online Auction - Essay Example Online auction and especially via the eBay entails one to watch the bids besides being prompt when responding to the buyers’ questions via the emails. Close watching by the seller especially on the bidding process may be extremely vital because one to increase buyers’ interests may decide to make adjustments on the uploaded images or information. Before closing, the seller can eliminate some of the buyers based on the mode of payments or those who emanating from the states one cannot ship the products to their destinations. The final step encompasses packing and shipment of the product to the intended buyer. This step is extremely sensitive because the seller ought to respond to the buyers’ questions with the necessary promptness besides settling eBay’s invoices. ii. It provides security not only to the buyers but also to sellers (Vassou, 2008). eBay acts as mediator especially in the cases of a problematic buyer who may intend to be mischievous during transaction processes (Vassou, 2008). ii. eBay is inflexible especially in terms of the payments, which both the transacting sides ought to accept or use. In most times, this prevents buyers from owning what they want and can afford (Hsieh,

Feminism, focusing on the rights of women, the differences between men Essay

Feminism, focusing on the rights of women, the differences between men and women - Essay Example For long, the discourse on masculinism and feminism, their differences and commonalities included, have either centred around sexism or on the politically correct narrative of equality of men and women. The differences between the males and the females are chiefly studied as physiological and psychological. The physical differences between men and women, for example, weight, shape, size, and anatomy, are tangible and measurable. Due to their characteristic physical attributes men exhibit ‘greater functionality’ and ‘more survival value’ than women. (Conner, 2000). The psychological differences, though, more subtle and difficult to describe, have an important bearing on forming and maintaining of relationships. Psychologists, like Freud, accepting the male as the norm, inadvertently committed the mistake of fashioning the female model with the male cloth (Gilligan, 1987). The differences in physical characteristics, the psychological and thinking patterns, are reinforced by the fact, that 78 genes have been identified that differentiate women from men (bbc.co.uk, 2003), while women have four times as many brain cells as men (Connors, 2000). The greater number of brain cells enable women, to understand, consider, and tackle multiple problems at once, while men, with linear and sequential perspective, prefer to solve them one at a time (Connors, 2000). Various studies have shown that the male and female perceptions start taking shape early in life. As a group, finding their way out of a maze, boys exhibited, by improvising a formal and hegemonic chain of command. Using scouts they maintained a respectable difference from each other. Teenage girls on the other hand, when confronted with the problem, resorted to ‘collective intelligence’ and generated a feeling of ‘togetherness’ to find the way out (Gilligan, 1987). It is also observed that the attitude of boys and girls, toward

Dissertation Exploring The Impacts Of Recession

Dissertation Exploring The Impacts Of Recession The purpose of this study is to explore the repercussions of recession on the British Stock Market particularly expounding its impact on Alternative Investment Market. The study aims to utilise qualitative approach to examine and constitute the relative repercussions of recession upon AIM. For this, an exhaustive literature review of the London Stock Exchange is essential to gain indicative factors relevant to account for the associated risks of recession to AIM. According to research on UK firms, uncertainty shocks typically reduce the responsiveness of firms by more than half, leaving monetary and fiscal policy-makers relatively powerless (Bloom et al, 2007). 1.1 LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE LSE is amongst the oldest stock exchanges in Europe and also the most promising out of the 22 active stock exchanges functioning in Great Britain. It was established in 1801 and has emerged as the largest stock exchanges of the world comprising of number of overseas as well as British companies (London Stock Exchange, 2005). The positioning of London city is beneficial as it let the London Stock Exchange to function during American and Asian sessions. Being a public company its shares are traded on stock exchanges and is considered to be the most international trading floor and about 50% of international transactions with shares are concluded on LSE (London Stock Exchange, 2005). The London Stock Exchange has four main quarters that include equity markets which facilitates companies from across the globe to raise capital (London Stock Exchange, 2005). There are the four primary markets that include: The Main Market, Alternative Investment Market (AIM), Professional Securities Market (PSM) and Specialist Fund Market (SFM). London Stock Exchange is a highly active market that provides range of trading services including trading in a range of securities as for example, UK and international equities, debt, covered warrants, exchange traded funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs), REITs, fixed interest, contracts for difference (CFDs) and depositary receipts (London Stock Exchange, 2005). It provides market data information with clarity offering real-time prices, news and other financial information to the global financial community. EDX London, established in 2003serves as a major contributor to derivatives business in order to bring the cash equity and derivatives markets closer together the London Stock Exchange. 1.2 AIM: AN OVERVIEW London Stock Exchange reviewed the unlisted securities market in1993 during the middle of a recession and decided to close it. Quoted Companies Alliance now referred as CISCO was then born and which lead to the establishment of Alternative Investment Market in June 1995 by London Stock Exchange. With its noticeable endurance for several years; AIM has been a considerable success. Rapid growth has been observed in AIM market, commencing its operation in 1995, it has rose over  £24 billion and listed over 2,200 companies, including 276 foreign companies by January 2006 listing1,408 companies from 33 industrial sectors out of which 220 were from overseas countries. Instead of offering shares to the public AIMs 90% of flotations depends on placing the shares with institutions, venture capital trusts and private investors reinforced by European 191 Prospectus Directive (Thronton, 2009). In order to reduce the pool of capital available to buy new AIM shares, the European 191 Prospectus D irective requires that, a full prospectus must be issued in both conditions where; the company offers shares to more than 100 persons, other than qualified investors or if a private client broker proffer such shares to more than 100 of their clients (Thronton, 2009).. Based in the city of London, AIM benefits from competitive supply of leading financial services and decently offers direct access to outsized and sophisticated shareholders. AIM has the potential to provide with all the significant financial services as required by the firm for listing, floating, reporting, auditing, broking, public relations, security analysis, printing, legalities, registering shareholders, etc. Rising higher from a percentage of 35.2% in September 2003, the institutional investors owned 40.9% by value of the shares listed on AIM in September 2005(Growth Company Investor, 2005), that consequently accounts for a very substantial institutional contribution of AIM, in small-capitalization market. 1.2.1 MARKET SIZE The multitude of companies traded on AIM come from different parts of the world and signify huge number of industries. At present there are approximately 1500 companies from more than 26 countries that are quoted on the AIM (London Stock Exchange, 2005). There is one common trait shared by all traded companies on AIM and i.e. a dynamic corporate attitude and a strong ambition for business expansion. AIM welcomes companies of varying sizes to become part of even though it was primarily designed for smaller firms, but companies of varying sizes if possessing a desire for growth and profitability, are equally encouraged to join the Alternative Investment Market. 1.2.2 OPERATIONS The operations of AIM are controlled by the London Stock Exchange, having a tendency to work ideal for companies with a capitalization and valuation from $20 million to $300 million. The costs for filings and entry are approximately $600,000, with ongoing annual costs of around $100,000. The range of capital-raising activities tends to be in between $4 million to $40 million with approximately 9 percent average cost of capital. The percentage of retail investment is higher than on the official list and the investors are largely institutional. 1.2.3 KEY STATISTICS Table: 01 AIM 1,635 UK 1,331 International 304 AIM Market Capitalisation  £94.4 Billion AIM IPOs in 2006 278 UK 201 International 77 Capital raised since 1995*  £40.1 Billion Capital raised in 2006*  £15.7 Billion UK  £10.3 Billion International  £5.4 Billion * New listings and further capital raises 1.2.4 DIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION AIM has a diverse market spanning (Figure, 02) in approximately 39 sectors having a number of international companies and investors. The AIM is comprised of key sectors in which there is resource sector that include mining and oil gas, financial sector includes real estate, equity investment instruments and general financial. The industrial sector of AIM is comprise of construction materials, electronic electrical equipment and support services whereas, the consumer services includes media and travel leisure. Apart from US the growth in international companies on AIM is also being driven through Canada, China, India and mainland Europe. 1.2.5 MARKET CAPITALISATION According to LSE statistics the international companies listed as UK Top Co are counted as domestic. The US investors 330 international companies are listed with a value of  £36.6bn equivalent to $73.5bn and over 70 US companies listed on AIM has a value of  £2.9bn that is equivalent to $5.8bn (London Stock Exchange, 2005). It is interesting to note that the international companies on AIM are larger than UK companies, with an average market capitalisation at 31 December 2007 of  £99.2 million compared with  £46.9 million for UK registered companies. The market capitalisation on Alternative Investment Market is expressed in the Figure, 03. It is important to signify that AIM is not subject to more extensive regulation and therefore, it offers a wider pool of investors, and this may result in some decline in the cost of capital (Errunza and Miller, 2000). CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION Establishing itself as the worlds most successful growth market after being launched by the London Stock Exchange (LSE) in 1995, AIM provides opportunity to raise capital and a liquid market place to trade shares for small and medium sized growing companies. Over 3000 small growth companies have listed on AIM and these companies have raised a total of over  £60 billion, since the commencement of AIM. Global recession has caused complicated market conditions however; there are still some signs of recovery, such as the first major IPO of the year and on the other hand improvement can be observed in trading volumes and average; meanwhile, an improvement in fund raising conditions towards the end of 2009 and through 2010 is also predicted by the brokers and other market commentators (Thronton, 2009). In order to conserve its position in the market AIM has to become accustomed with current market conditions, while not losing sight of its roots and emerge as a market focused on providing growing companies with direct access to capital (Thronton, 2009). The main objective of the literature review is to summarise the existing research work to gain insights on the subject area and also to assess and explain the impacts of recession. The core element of the research is to conduct an empirical study of the relative volatility, analysis of market size, allowance and liquidity ratios of AIM and determining its rate of progression during economic commotion. 2.2 AIM- FACTS AND FIGURES The AIMs trading began on 19 June 1995 and there were only 10 companies listed on the first day of trading. Since the opening of the Third Market in 1987, AIM was Londons first new market and it is split into two indices, the AIM 50 and AIM 100 Index where AIM 50 includes the biggest names on the junior market by attracting fresh, budding and newly expanding firms which were incapable for admittance to the main FTSE lists (London Stock Exchange, 2005). Even after facing criticism for the costs by some experts the market succeeded in making it easier for smaller businesses to raise capital. In accordance with the rules by AIM, the companys costs rose up to 20 times higher in comparison to the earlier system. Notwithstanding the cost of raising capital was approximated to be an average of about  £100,000 for an AIM company, as compared to  £1m for a company on the main market (London Stock Exchange, 2005). There are now 1,276 AIM-listed companies. Liquidity among AIM stocks widely varies and the stocks having highest capitalisation and the largest free float represent comparable liquidity levels to the main market. There are a large number of illiquid stocks on the lower end of the market. AIM provides different trading platforms for different types of stock in order to improve the liquidity of the market but its volatility is not significantly diverse than other markets. 2.2.1 STOCK TRADING Large and frequently traded stocks are listed on AIM and there are small, infrequently traded stocks also listed with it therefore; no single trading mechanism is applicable to AIM stocks. Considering the time from the institution of AIM, it has exhibited very rapid growth in trading volumes (London Stock Exchange, 2005) as represented in Table, 02. The average annual growth rates over the period of a decade starting from1996 to the year 2005 are as follows; the turnover was around 36%; number of trades was 28%; and the number of shares traded were 35% approximately. The average number of shares per trade grew by 5% per year, whereas the average value per trade grew by 6% per year, over this period. The growth of trading on AIM occurred in two phases. There was a substantial drop in stock market prices observed during 2001- 2002 where there was negative volume growth which gradually recovered in the year 2003 followed by rapid growth of trading. 2.2.2 UNDERSIZED REGULATORY LOAD AIM regulations are designed to reduce burden for companies listing on this exchange. The admission process for AIM takes about three months, depending on circumstances (Audley, 2005) and in order to list on AIM; There is no need for trading record and on the spot listing of start-ups and cash shells; Smaller companies can also list as there is no minimum market capitalization; Reduced costs and time for listing as the admission documents are not pre-vetted by AIM or the U.K. Listing Authority; The lack of a minimum free float for preventing firms to sell off a substantial part of the business to list in AIM; Approval from prior shareholder is not required for acquisitions that also reduces the time and cost of acquisitions. There is an obligation to employ a Nomad at all times for each AIM-listed company. The Nomads carry out three main functions; To make a decision that if a company should be admitted to AIM or not; Managing the floatation process; and Advice the company regarding rules, before and after it has been listed. 2.2.3 COSTS FOR LISTINGS The admission fee of AIM is  £4,180 with a listing fee of  £4,180 per year and a value-added tax to these admission and annual fees is applied to UK companies. The total costs of admission to AIM are about  £350,000 to  £450,000 and a brokers fees of 3% 6% of any funds raised (Audley, 2005). Nomads are liable to undertake most of this process followed by any subsequent capital-raising and this keeps admission and listing costs under control. The costs to the firm of listing on AIM include: The initial costs to obtain the listing; Followed by initial floatations costs of any subsequent capital raising; and The annual costs of maintaining the listing. 2.2.4 THE MAIN MARKET London Stock Exchange is one of the worlds leading stock exchanges and AIM offers a great deal of progression to it and vice versa. During a period of January 2000 to December 2004, a total of 160 companies switched between AIM and the main market. About 81% went from the main market to AIM and almost 19% went from AIM to the main market concluding that out of every company graduated from AIM to the main market, four moved in reverse course (Dufour, Sutcliffe and Wells 2005). In accordance with a survey (Baker Tilly, 2005b) 17 firms moved from the main market to AIM and their reason (Table, 03) for moving as constituted by the survey were; Less regulation 53% More Flexibility 41% Less Expensive 24% Tax Benefits 12% Suitability 12%Table: 03 Furthermore, the survey (Baker Tilly 2005b) reveals that 64% of the main market companies considered moving in and back to AIM, out of which 26% actually planned to move whereas the rest of 34% companies considered it beneficial due to lack of provisional parameters, trouble-free acquisitions, greater flexibility and tax advantages. 2.2.5 TAXATION The following areas of tax relief are available for individual investors in U.K. companies listed on AIM (Baker Tilly, 2005a): The business asset taper relief tends to minimise the effective tax rate of capital gains tax up to 40% 10%. In gift relief a capital gains tax is overdue until a subsequent disposal by the recipient. Investment in AIM trading companies leads to indemnity from inheritance tax. Enterprise investment scheme offers relief from both income tax and capital gains tax. From the initial investment in new AIM shares about one fifth of the cost can be counterbalanced against income tax. In addition any capital gain is exempt from capital gains tax, while any capital loss (less the 20% income tax relief) can be offset against capital gains elsewhere. Investors are exempt from tax on dividends from the Venture Capital Trusts, and capital gains on their shares in the VCT. Investors also receive an initial income tax relief equal to 40% of their investment in new VCT shares. 2.2.6 REQUIREMENTS AND LISTING PROCEDURE Companies listed on AIM have to assign a nominated adviser to serve as their sponsor or representative and is responsible to prepare the prospectus in order to admit the issuer for trading on AIM. The function of a nomad is to assists the company in raising its initial capital provide market making and research for the issuers stock with the help of its brokerage and research departments. The contractual activities and correlation between the issuer and its nomad extends well beyond the initial public offering. Nomad remain active even after the initial listing on AIM so that a small issuer does not end up being left alone in a stock market crisis. New rules and regulations were instituted both for nomads and companies listed on the AIM exchange, in Feb, 2007. To provide further guidance and to illuminate the regulatory issues concerning disclosure requirements the rules for nomads and companies were put into practice. Although the changes to AIM rules are evolutionary rather than re volutionary, Nomads should not under-estimate the Exchanges emphasis on the responsibility of nomads for preserving the reputation and integrity of AIM (Audley, 2005). 2.3 ASSOCIATED RISKS AND BENEFITS The listing procedure is much more simplified in London Stock Exchange as there is no regulatory authority in the UK so it becomes the responsibility of the sponsoring nomad as a result of which the complete process becomes substantially quicker and inexpensive. The prospectus discloses all information that an investor needs for making an informed investment decision and its less comprehensive in most cases where the SEC-filed registration statement and the review process, for the most part, is absent (Audley, 2005). Therefore, the SEC governmental review process of the prospectus, the massive amount of periodic regulatory filings and compulsory financial reporting needs are eradicated by listing on AIM. The emerging growth companies are offered with very greater options by eliminating the need for underwriters that are only interested large deals so a great number of foreign companies are flocking to AIM (London Stock Exchange, 2006). Listing on AIM gives an emerging growth company the opportunity to go public and raise capital for reasonable fees and under reasonable terms and conditions. AIM rules require not only a nominated broker but also a nominated adviser. There were companies on AIM which caused regulatory nervousness and the big guns at the DTI, Treasury and Stock Exchange focused their canon on nominated advisers. This had a knock-on effect on costs. Nominated advisers lay off their responsibilities on solicitors and accountants who duly reproduce and costs shoot up (London Stock Exchange, 2006). Professional advisers, anxious to minimise the risk of adverse criticism by the regulatory authorities, are now applying Official List standards. This has driven costs up and has damaged the purpose of AIM (London Stock Exchange, 2006). 2.4 FISCAL AGITATION AND AIM Economic recovery is gradual but consistent followed by the recession that hit the stock markets worldwide and for London Stock Exchange, particularly AIM market; there is a need for investment by small companies. The number of companies quoted on AIM, which is the London Stock Exchanges Alternative Investment Market, is now just 1,276 compared with more than 1,600 in the year 2007, which constitutes that, more than one company a day delists from AIM throughout last year (Northedge, 2010). It is also noticeable that notwithstanding the soaring share prices up to 66 per cent in the year 2009, outperforming the main stock market, only 36 new companies joined AIM. It is the lowest annual total since the launch of AIM in1995 and a tiny fraction as compared to the joining of 462 companies that in 2006 (Northedge, 2010). About 290 companies delisted compared with 218 in the year 2008, and others have been liquidating their assets and returning the proceeds to shareholders. Reported by (Wac hman, 2009) in Guardian, The number of companies having a capital under  £5m or  £10m has halved within two years and approximately two-thirds of AIMs companies are capitalised at less than  £25m and almost10 per cent are valued at below  £2m. Despite share prices falling, the delisting of the small firms has become a basis for the average AIM Companys estimation twofold to  £43m since the year 2006. The continued loss of small firms from AIM and some Britains top 200 companies remain there give rise to a fear that AIM will become another version of the main market leaving no alternative for smaller businesses to be quoted. That is already making it harder for small firms to raise capital to invest in Britains economic recovery (Northedge, 2010).

Internet Taxation :: Government Political Essays

Internet Taxation â€Å"Should We Tax the Internet?† was written in response to the recent findings of the Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce in the May 2000 issue of The American Spectator. The argument is between the liberals and conservatives on the issue of whether or not to tax Internet purchases. The liberals believe that Internet purchases should be taxed so that state and local tax bases are not eroded because of increasing Internet purchases. On the other end the conservatives believe that Internet purchases should be kept tax-free, since tracking sales are completed and several states are involved with each purchase. George Gilder the author of â€Å"Should We Tax the Internet?† is extremely conservative in his views and is against all taxes. The article aims to convince its readers that Internet taxation is unlawful and should not implemented because of past tax increases results. To make Gilder’s arguments he uses logos arguments based on facts and reasons. Gilder implements his arguments into his article by relating the arguments to different peoples views and things. Gilder’s main argument is that â€Å"lower tax rates generate more revenue than higher ones† (Gilder 3). Through Gilder’s use of logos arguments, ethos arguments, and unique perspectives he makes an effective argument in favor of not implementing Internet taxes. Gilder starts off by attacking Republicans, which are traditional conservative, by saying that they suffer from the â€Å"tax-raising itch† (Gilder 1). He then moves on to say that two billionaires that he recently talked to are more afraid of a â€Å"reckless tax cut† than war or terrorism. Gilder is starting his argument off by using ethos argument by giving perspectives from high profile Silicon Valley cent millionaires. Gilder then goes onto to explain to his audience how taxes above a certain percent do not collect revenue. He does this by saying â€Å"that there has only been one advance since John Marshall opined that the power to tax is the power to destroy† (Gilder 3). John Marshall made this advance by showing that lower tax rates generate more revenues than higher ones. This is a logos argument, but is a fallacy because higher taxes would lead to higher revenues rather than lower taxes. Gilder then tries to make the argument that no tax rate above 20 percent collects revenue.

Initial Teaching Assignment Essay

In my role as a tutor of support teaching and learning in schools my responsibilities include: promoting cognitive elaboration *Cognitive psychology is concerned with the various mental activities which result in the acquisition and processing of information by the learner. It’s theories involve a perception of the learner as a purposive individual in continuous interaction with his social and psychological environment.( l.b.curzon (2003). teaching in further education. 6th ed. london: continuum. 35.) Holding a good knowledge of outside agencies that maybe used when an issue is outside of my knowledge or expertise. These may include N.S.P.C.C, medical teams including GP’s, health visitors ect, councillors, learning support workers, banks, building societies and the student finance England information for funding or loan advice, police, fire services and social services. All of these outside agencies could be used for supporting my learners and for them to use in their role as a teaching assistant as they are working with children and young people. I work towards promoting social and emotional development, encouraging learners and rewarding them during tasks, discussions, production of work whilst developing into a responsible teaching assistants. Being reliable is paramount to learners giving them a sense of belonging and security that I would always be there to discuss any issues or concerns with them, especially if the issue is a delicate one. Showing my learners that I can promote equality by letting them have every opportunity to attend and participate in every aspect of the lesson is also giving them opportunity to express their own ideas and personality. I myself am always looking to learn and gaining skills from learners is another way of learning and promoting diversity. Every learner is different and giving them opportunity to share their ways and knowledge and including these skills to improve their learning and adding to their new career in a positive way encourages diversity. Understand own responsibility for maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment.

How to Be a Good Student Essay

Some people never learn effective study habits in high school. Thus, they may struggle through their first semester of college. A student should figure out how he studies the best. Many people cannot create a quality essay at four in the morning with the music playing and the television on. Although poor study habits may cause the student to struggle, which results in unhappiness, he can become connected by joining clubs, music groups, or sports that will help a person make more friends while balancing his life, thus making him a happier student. So, students should get involved! School does not have to be just about schoolwork. One should find an activity that his school offers, and he should join if his schedule allows. Yet, some people have a harder time adjusting to school than other people and may feel that success is impossible. However, a student can be successful in many ways, such as by being on time for class, managing his time and â€Å"study buddy†. For a student who wants to be successful, he must begin by getting to class on time. To do this, he should make next morning preparations on the night before, such as ironing his garments on the night before class. This will save him at least five to ten minutes in the morning, and he may use that time to read the newspaper or take out the garbage. He also should put gasoline in his vehicle after he runs his final errand for the day. This simple task will prevent him from having to wait for an available pump at the gas station in the morning when other people have decided to wait until the last minute to buy gas for their vehicles in their rush to work or school. Then, one should purchase an alarm clock and batteries if he does not already own one. After completing the buying process, he must set this clock two hours before his first class is scheduled to begin. He should set his alarm to wake him with the annoying â€Å"beep, beep, beep† sound rather than the sound of soothing music. He must also resist the urge to hit the snooze button, which could cause him to be late for class if he hits it too many times. By following these simple steps, he will have thirty minutes to prepare and eat a wholesome breakfast, which will benefit him by allowing him to be more focused during class instead of being distracted by the growling of his stomach. He will then have fifteen minutes to take a revitalizing shower, which will awaken his senses, fifteen minutes to groom, ten minutes to brush his teeth, twenty minutes to get dressed, five minutes to start the car and heat or cool the inside, fifteen minutes to drive to school, and ten minutes to get to his seat and settle in. By doing these daily activities in the allotted amount of time, the student will stay on schedule and be on time for class each day. The student must manage his time effectively. To achieve this goal, the student should designate specific hours to study and not take phone calls or accept visits because studying is more effective when the student has no distractions. The student remembers what he studies better at test time than he would if he were to stop periodically to talk on the telephone or visit with his friends. People should think of college as a full-time job by putting in an eight-hour day, including class and study time. This dedication will be evidenced in the student’s grades. One should keep in mind that planning ahead is not as bad as it sounds. For example, if a student’s first class begins at 9:00 a. m. and his last class ends at 1:00 p. m. , he could be done studying by 5:00 p. m. and have plenty of time for visiting with friends and watching television, which make the demands of being a full-time student less stressful. Therefore, students should find a way to make studying beneficial. Some students could really benefit from having a â€Å"study buddy† (someone to study with). The two could schedule a few hours in their assignment notebook for studying, and in the meantime, the two of them should take good notes during each class session. Students should be encouraged to take their own notes instead of borrowing someone else’s. Therefore, the student does not spend unnecessary time trying to make sense of the borrowed notes. Each student can create a quiz using the notes that he took in class. Since most people would not create the exact same materials, this technique should help the student to become prepared for tests, thus ensuring coverage of material from the notes each â€Å"study buddy† has taken during class. The quiz method will help guide the student in determining what study techniques he should use. Being punctual shows that the person respects rules and possesses knowledge of academic policies, managing one’s time and â€Å"study buddy† are all necessities for becoming a successful student. A person must also have certain desirable traits to remain successful. He should have a positive attitude to be assertive. He must have a sense of his goal to know why he gets up each morning at 7:00 a. m. because he could easily get a dead-end job and work the evening shift. He needs to be independent by doing so, he will know that he cannot and should not expect someone else to force him to do well in school. Most importantly, he should make the most of his education adventure. Most people generally get only one opportunity to succeed, so they should not let anything or anyone stand in the way of whatever they are trying to accomplish.